As VP Bank Ltd is a licensed bank domiciled in Liechtenstein whose shares are listed on SIX Swiss Exchange Ltd, it also must observe several Swiss regulations in addition to those of Liechtenstein. The former include, in particular, ­ the provisions regarding the disclosure of significant shareholders which are included in the Financial Market Infrastructure Act (FinMIA) and the related Financial Market Infrastructure Ordinance (FinMIO). Consequently, shareholders are to make ad hoc notification to both SIX Swiss Exchange Ltd and VP Bank Ltd whenever the defined thresholds are crossed.

The Articles of Association of VP Bank contain no comparable regulations as to “opting-out” and “opting-in” as reflected in the Swiss provisions. Neither do any change of control clauses exist in favour of the members of the Board of Directors or the Executive Board or Group Executive Management.

The provisions of the Liechtenstein Act on Takeovers (TOA) apply.